01
Market entry assessment
Whether you need an entity at all. Plenty of business can be done through a distributor, an agent or a commercial arrangement before committing to a registered presence — and the answer usually depends on who your customer is and whether they are government.
Entity or not · route to market
02
Entity structuring
Limited liability company, branch of a foreign company, or a representative office — they differ in what they may do, how they are taxed, and what they cost to maintain. Choosing wrongly is recoverable but expensive.
LLC · branch · rep office
03
Investment licensing
Foreign-owned entities need an investment licence before a commercial registration exists. Preparing the application, the supporting corporate documents and the attestations, in the order the authorities expect them.
MISA licence · attestations
04
Registrations & portals
Commercial registration, Chamber of Commerce, municipal licence, national address, ZATCA, GOSI and the labour portals. Each depends on the last, several need a bank account, and the bank wants several of them first.
CR · Chamber · ZATCA · GOSI
05
UK–KSA structuring
How a UK parent and a Saudi entity hold together — funding, intercompany charges, dividend repatriation and the double taxation agreement between the two countries. Advised with both tax systems in the room rather than one.
Treaty · repatriation · intercompany
06
Permanent establishment risk
Selling into the Kingdom without an entity can still create a taxable presence, depending on what your people do here and for how long. Worth understanding before it is asserted by an authority rather than after.
PE risk · presence · treaty
07
Transfer pricing
Related-party transactions across a border need to be priced as if between independents, and documented. Reviewing intercompany arrangements and preparing the documentation before it is requested, which is a great deal cheaper than afterwards.
Related party · documentation
08
Outsourced CFO
Board and investor reporting, budgeting and reforecasting, pricing and margin analysis, and support through a financing or funding round. For a business not yet large enough to employ a finance director but too large to do without one.
Board reporting · budgeting · funding